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Compare Maldives (2006) - Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)

Compare Maldives (2006) z Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)

 Maldives (2006)Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)
 MaldivesHeard Island and McDonald Islands
Administrative divisions 19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and the capital city*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale* (Male), Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu -
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 80,113/female 75,763)


15-64 years: 53.5% (male 98,040/female 94,029)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 5,477/female 5,586) (2006 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish -
Airports 5 (2006) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2006)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2006)		 -
Area total: 300 sq km


land: 300 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
412 sq km

land:
412 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Maldives was long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. It became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Since 1978, President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM - currently in his sixth term in office - has dominated the islands' political scene. Following riots in the capital Male in August 2004, the president and his government have pledged to embark upon democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago. These uninhabited, barren islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Birth rate 34.81 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) -
Budget revenues: $265 million (excluding foreign grants)


expenditures: $362 million; including capital expenditures of $80 million (2004 est.)		 -
Capital name: Male


geographic coordinates: 4 10 N, 73 31 E


time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)		 -
Climate tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) antarctic
Coastline 644 km 101.9 km
Constitution adopted 1 January 1998 -
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Maldives


conventional short form: Maldives


local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa


local short form: Dhivehi Raajje		 conventional long form:
Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands

conventional short form:
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Death rate 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) -
Debt - external $304 million (2004 est.) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed LATHEEF


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 599-6195


FAX: [1] (212) 661-6405		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $27.9 million $NA (2004) -
Economy - overview Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. In late December 2004, a major tsunami left more than 100 dead, 12,000 displaced, and property damage exceeding $300 million. Over the past decade, real GDP growth averaged over 7.5% per year. As a result of the tsunami, the GDP contracted by about 5.5% in 2005. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 125.6 million kWh (2003) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) -
Electricity - production 135 million kWh (2003) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m		 lowest point:
Southern Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Big Ben 2,745 m
Environment - current issues depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs -
Exchange rates rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2005), 12.8 (2004), 12.8 (2003), 12.8 (2002), 12.24 (2001) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then the nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 17 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)


election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected in referendum held 17 October 2003; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.3%		 -
Exports NA bbl/day -
Exports - commodities fish, clothing -
Exports - partners Japan 22.8%, Thailand 22.7%, Sri Lanka 16.4%, UK 12.6%, Singapore 5.8%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.3% (2005) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag the flag of Australia is used
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 20%


industry: 18%


services: 62% (2000 est.)		 -
GDP - real growth rate -3.6% (2005 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 3 15 N, 73 00 E 53 06 S, 72 31 E
Geography - note 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean primarily used for research stations
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Imports NA bbl/day -
Imports - commodities petroleum products, ships, foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, intermediate and capital goods -
Imports - partners Singapore 24.1%, UAE 15.7%, India 11.3%, Malaysia 7.2%, Sri Lanka 5.7%, UK 4.5% (2005) -
Independence 26 July 1965 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate -0.9% (2004 est.) -
Industries fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining -
Infant mortality rate total: 54.89 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 54.01 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 55.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6% (2005 est.) -
International organization participation AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO -
Irrigated land NA 0 sq km (1993)
Judicial branch High Court -
Labor force 88,000 (2000) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 22%


industry: 18%


services: 60% (1995)		 -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 13.33%


permanent crops: 30%


other: 56.67% (2005)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%
Languages Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials -
Legal system based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 22 January 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 50		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.41 years


male: 63.08 years


female: 65.8 years (2006 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.2%


male: 97.1%


female: 97.3% (2003 est.)		 -
Location Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Map references Asia Antarctic Region
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm		 exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM
Merchant marine total: 17 ships (1000 GRT or over) 67,149 GRT/87,220 DWT


by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2


registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2006)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches National Security Service: Security Branch (ground forces), Air Element, Coast Guard -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $45.07 million (2005 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.5% (2005 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 26 July (1965) -
Nationality noun: Maldivian(s)


adjective: Maldivian		 -
Natural hazards low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben
Natural resources fish none
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) -
Political parties and leaders political parties were allowed to register in June 2005; the first entrants are: Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI]; Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]; Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER]; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED] -
Political pressure groups and leaders various unregistered political parties -
Population 359,008 (July 2006 est.) uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 21% NA% -
Population growth rate 2.78% (2006 est.) -
Ports and harbors - none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998) -
Religions Sunni Muslim -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.)		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities


domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service


international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 32,300 (2005) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 153,400 (2005) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (2006) -
Terrain flat, with white sandy beaches Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Total fertility rate 4.9 children born/woman (2006 est.) -
Unemployment rate NEGL% (2003 est.) -
Waterways - none
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